Ding, ding, bang, yamennye ikindi, kandi iki nikimwe mubikoresho bizwi cyane muri laboratoire yacu, ibirahure.Uburyo bwo koza ibirahuri nuburyo bwo gukama.

Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba kwitondera mugihe cyo gukoresha, urabizi?

1. U.se y'ibirahuri bisanzwe

(I) Pipette

1. Gutondekanya: Ikimenyetso kimwe gusa (cyitwa nini nini nini), impamyabumenyi yarangije (ubwoko bwuzuye bwo gusohora, ubwoko bwuzuye bwo gusohora, ubwoko bwo gusohora)

1. Ikimenyetso kimwe cya pipeti ikoreshwa mugupanga igipimo runaka cyigisubizo neza.Indangantego yerekana ifite diameter nini kandi ubunyangamugayo ni bubi.Kubwibyo, mugihe upimye ingano yumubare wigisubizo, ingano ijyanye nubusanzwe ikoreshwa Ikimenyetso kimwe aho kwerekana indangururamajwi.

1. Igikorwa:

Kuvoma: kubigeragezo bisaba ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, ohanagura amazi asigaye kuva hejuru yumuyoboro hamwe nimpapuro zungurura, hanyuma kwoza amazi imbere no hanze yumutwe wumuyoboro hamwe namazi yo gutegereza inshuro eshatu kugirango umenye neza ko yakuweho igisubizo cyibikorwa ntigihinduka.Mwitondere kutazongera igisubizo kugirango wirinde guhungabana no kwanduza igisubizo.

Mugihe utegura igisubizo kugirango wifuzwe, shyiramo isonga yigituba 1-2cm munsi yubuso bwamazi (byimbitse cyane, igisubizo cyinshi gifata kurukuta rwinyuma rwigituba; ntigikabije: guswera ubusa nyuma yurwego rwamazi agabanutse).

Gusoma: Umurongo wo kureba uri kurwego rumwe nu ngingo yo hasi ya meniskus yumuti.

Kurekura: isonga yigituba ikora imbere yubwato kugirango icyombo kigoramye kandi umuyoboro uhagaze.

Ibumoso busigaye kurukuta: Mbere yuko pipette ikurwa mubintu byakiriwe, tegereza amasegonda 3 kugirango umenye neza ko amazi asohoka neza.

(2) flask ya volumetric

Ikoreshwa cyane mugutegura igisubizo cyibitekerezo byukuri.

Mbere yo gukoresha flasque ya volumetric, reba niba ingano ya flasque ya volumetric ihuye nibisabwa;Amashanyarazi ya volumetric agomba gukoreshwa mugutegura ibintu byoroshye.Niba insyo yo gusya cyangwa plaque yamenetse amazi.

1. Ikizamini cyo kumeneka: ongeramo amazi ya robine ahantu hafi yumurongo wa label, shyira cork neza, kanda icyuma ukoresheje urutoki, uhagarare icupa hejuru muminota 2, hanyuma ukoreshe impapuro zumye kugirango urebe niba hari amazi yatembye. icyuho cyumunwa wicupa.Niba hatabonetse amazi, hinduranya cork 180 ° hanyuma uhagarare kumutwe wiminota 2 kugirango urebe.

2. Inyandiko:

Ibirahuri bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyohereza ibisubizo kuri flasque ya volumetric;

Ntugafate icupa mu kiganza cyawe kugirango wirinde kwaguka;

Iyo ingano muri flask ya volumetric igeze kuri 3/4, uzunguze icupa rya volumetric inshuro nyinshi (ntusubire inyuma), kugirango igisubizo kivange neza.Noneho shyira icupa rya volumetric kumeza hanyuma wongereho buhoro buhoro amazi kugeza yegereye umurongo 1cm, utegereze iminota 1-2 kugirango usige igisubizo gifatanye nurukuta rwicyuho.Ongeramo amazi kumurongo wo hasi munsi yurwego rwamazi yunamye kandi uhujwe nikimenyetso;

Igisubizo gishyushye kigomba gukonjeshwa ubushyuhe bwicyumba mbere yo guterwa mumashanyarazi ya volumetric, bitabaye ibyo ikosa ryijwi rishobora guterwa.

Icupa rya volumeter ntirishobora gufata igisubizo igihe kirekire, cyane cyane lye, izangirika ikirahure kandi igakora inkoni ya cork kandi idashobora gufungura;

Iyo icupa rya volumetric rimaze gukoreshwa, kwoza amazi.

Niba idakoreshejwe igihe kinini, oza kandi uhanagure yumye hanyuma uyisige impapuro.

1.  Uburyo bwo gukaraba

Niba ubwoko bwose bwibirahuri bikoreshwa muri laboratoire yumubiri nubumara bifite isuku akenshi bigira ingaruka kumyizerere nukuri kubisubizo byisesengura, ni ngombwa rero kwemeza ko ibirahuri byakoreshejwe bifite isuku.

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo koza ibirahuri, bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa mu kizamini, imiterere yumwanda n’urwego rw’umwanda.Igikoresho cyo gupima gikeneye gupima igisubizo neza, ntabwo byoroshye gukoresha umuyonga mugihe cyoza, kuko brush ikoreshwa mugihe kirekire, biroroshye kwambara urukuta rwimbere rwibikoresho bipima, nibikoresho bigomba kuba gupimwa ntabwo ari ukuri.

Kugenzura isuku y'ibirahure: urukuta rw'imbere rugomba kuba rwuzuye neza n'amazi adafite amasaro.

Uburyo bwo kweza：

(1) Koza amazi;

.

. uburozi bumwe.Witondere umutekano;

(4) Andi mavuta yo kwisiga;

Amavuta yo kwisiga ya alkaline permanganate: 4g potassium permanganate ishonga mumazi, hydrogide ya potasiyumu 10g ikongerwamo amazi hanyuma ikavangwa n'amazi kugeza kuri 100ml.Ikoreshwa mugusukura amavuta cyangwa ibindi bintu kama.

Amavuta yo kwisiga ya Oxalic: 5-10g acide oxyde yashonga mumazi 100ml, hanyuma hongewemo aside aside ya hydrochlorike nkeya.Uyu muti ukoreshwa mu koza dioxyde ya manganese yakozwe nyuma yo gukaraba potasiyumu permanganate.

Amavuta yo kwisiga ya Iyode-potasiyumu (1g iyode na 2g potasiyumu iyode yashonga mu mazi hanyuma akayungurura amazi kugeza kuri 100ml): akoreshwa mu koza umwanda wijimye wijimye usigaye wa nitrate ya silver.

Umuti wo gutoragura neza: 1: 1 aside hydrochloric cyangwa aside nitric.Byakoreshejwe mugukuraho ion.

Amavuta yo kwisiga: 10% sodium hydroxide yumuti wamazi.Ingaruka zo gutesha agaciro gushyushya nibyiza.

Umuyoboro ngenga (ether, Ethanol, benzene, acetone): ukoreshwa mu koza amavuta cyangwa ibintu kama byashonga mumashanyarazi.

3. Drying

Ibirahuri bigomba gukaraba no gukama kugirango bikoreshwe nyuma ya buri kizamini.Ibizamini bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kurwego rwo gukama ibikoresho byibirahure.Kurugero, flask ya mpandeshatu ikoreshwa mugutanga acide irashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo gukaraba, mugihe flask ya mpandeshatu ikoreshwa mukugena ibinure bisaba gukama.Igikoresho kigomba gukama ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye.

(1) Guhumeka byumye: niba udakeneye byihutirwa, birashobora gukama hejuru;

(2) Kuma: Irashobora gukama mu ziko kuri 105-120 ℃ (igikoresho cyo gupima ntigishobora gukama mu ziko);

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Birumvikana, niba ushaka uburyo bwiza kandi bunoze bwo gukora isuku no kumisha, urashobora kandi guhitamo laboratoire y'ibirahure ya laboratoire yakozwe na XPZ.Ntishobora kwemeza gusa ingaruka zogusukura, ahubwo irashobora no gutakaza umwanya, imbaraga, amazi nakazi.Ibikoresho byo muri laboratoire byogejwe na XPZ bifashisha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.Irashobora kurangiza gukora isuku mu buryo bwikora, kwanduza no gukama ukoresheje buto imwe, ikuzanira uburambe bushya bwo gukora, umuvuduko n'umutekano.Kwishyira hamwe kwogusukura no gukama ntabwo bizamura urwego nuburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha igeragezwa, ariko kandi bigabanya cyane umwanda nibyangiritse mugihe cyakazi.