Ikibazo cya mbere: Igihe kingana iki cyo koza amacupa mumunsi umwe wubushakashatsi bwa siyansi?

Inshuti 1: Nakoze synthesis yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi ya synthesis mugihe cyumwaka umwe nigice, kandi bisaba isaha 1 yo koza amacupa burimunsi, bingana na 5-10% byigihe cyubushakashatsi.Ndashobora kandi gufatwa nkumukozi wumuhanga woza amacupa.
Kubijyanye no koza amacupa, naganiriye byumwihariko nabandi bantu, cyane cyane amacupa y ijosi ane biragoye kuyasukura, amacupa ya buffer yoroshye kuyasukura.

Inshuti 2:
Ikigega kimwe gusa cya 5ml (beakers) gikeneye gukaraba, ariko kigomba kwozwa namazi ya deionion-25% acide nitric-50% hydrochloric acide-deionised munsi ya 130 ℃.Buri gukaraba bifata iminsi 5, ugereranije buri munsi Gukaraba 200-500 pc.

Inshuti 3:
Inkono ebyiri nini zamafunguro ya petri, flasque ya mpandeshatu, nubundi bwoko bwibikoresho byibirahure, urashobora gukaraba hafi 70-100 kumunsi.Mubisanzwe, laboratoire ultrapure imashini zikoreshwa mumazi no gukora isuku, kubwibyo isuku ntabwo ari nini cyane.

Inshuti 4:
Vuba aha, nagiye nkora imirimo itandukanye muri laboratoire.Kuberako ari synthesis synthesis kandi ibisabwa birakomeye, nkoresha ibirahuri byinshi.Mubisanzwe, bisaba nibura isaha yo gukaraba, wumva birambiranye.

Hano hari ibice byakuwe mubisubizo byinshuti 4, byose byerekana ingingo zikurikira: 1. Isuku yintoki 2. Ubwinshi 3. Gutwara igihe, bityo uhura numubare munini wamacupa atwara igihe hamwe nogusukura ibyombo, buriwese ufite Wumva umeze ute?

Ikibazo 2: Wumva umeze ute koza amacupa n'amasahani igihe kirekire?

Inshuti A:

Nagumye muri laboratoire kuva mu gitondo kugeza nijoro umunsi wose.Irashobora kubara rwose nka 007, gukaraba amacupa nuducupa, amacupa adashobora gukaraba.
Abanyeshuri bashya bashya muri laboratoire ni uko mugihe cyose umuyoboro wipimisha icupa wakozweho nintoki ugomba gukaraba powder Gukaraba ifu ultrasonique mumasaha abiri, kanda amazi kumasaha abiri, namazi meza mumasaha abiri.Umuyoboro wikizamini umaze gukaraba, imiyoboro itatu yipimisha izavunika na ultrasound.Igice kimwe (hari imyanda iruhande rwacyo kugirango ikirahure kimenetse, cyuzuye mu cyumweru) once Nigeze kureba umunyeshuri wambere woza amacupa arenga 50 kuva mugitondo kugeza nimugoroba.

Inshuti B:
Numva ko koza amacupa bishobora rwose gutuma abantu bihangana, ariko ubwo bushakashatsi bukanyura mu nkingi kandi bigatwara igihe kinini, kandi bisaba igihe cyo koza amacupa, kandi umwanda nawo ugira ingaruka kubushakashatsi.Niba uyikoresheje icyarimwe, ndumva ushobora rwose gutakaza umwanya munini wo gukora izindi ntambwe, kandi birashobora gufatwa nkubwiyongere buto bwihuta nubushobozi bwubushakashatsi bwose.

Nyuma yo kumva ibisubizo byiza byinshuti zanjye bombi, numvise ndakaye kubera koza ikirundo cyamacupa yikirahure.Urabyumva kimwe?Noneho kuki utahitamo gukoresha icupa ryikora ryuzuye?

Ikibazo cya gatatu: Utekereza iki ku isuku y'intoki n'imashini imesa amacupa?

Inshuti 1:
Ku giti cyanjye, buri laboratoire ikora chimie itose igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byo gukaraba icupa, nkuko buri rugo rugomba kuba rufite imashini imesa hamwe nogeshe ibikoresho.Birakenewe kubika umwanya wabanyeshuri no gukora ibintu bifatika, harimo ariko ntibigarukira gusa, gusoma ibitabo, gusesengura amakuru, gutekereza, gushora imari no gucunga amafaranga, gukundana, kujya gukina, kwimenyereza umwuga, nibindi.
Numvise ko ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwinjiza cyane muri biologiya bushobora gukorwa mu buryo bwikora hakoreshejwe ibikoresho, ariko amatsinda amwe yubushakashatsi akoresha igiciro gito cyabanyeshuri barangije bakareka abanyeshuri barangije bagakora intoki.Imyitwarire nkiyi irakabije.
Muri make, ndasaba ko imirimo yose isubirwamo ishobora gukorwa nimashini mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi igomba gukorwa nimashini, kandi abanyeshuri bagomba kwemererwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi aho kuba akazi gahendutse.

Inshuti 2:
Ni izihe ngaruka zo koza ibintu bidasanzwe bimeze nka NMR tubes / Amacupa ya Shrek / amacupa mato mato / umusenyi wibanze?Ese imiyoboro yikizamini igomba kwinjizwa umwe umwe cyangwa irashobora guhuzwa igashyiramo (bisa nigikorwa rusange cya alkaline)?
(Ntugure umutwe munini ujugunye ku murimo…

Inshuti 3:
Gukaraba icupa bikenera amafaranga yo kugura, abanyeshuri ntibakeneye amafaranga yo kubigura.
Ibisubizo byinshuti eshatu byatoranijwe hejuru.Abantu bamwe bashyigikiye byimazeyo gusimbuza imashini imesa amacupa, bamwe bafite gushidikanya kubushobozi bwo gukora isuku yimashini zamesa amacupa, nabatazi byinshi kumashini imesa amacupa.Birashobora kugaragara uhereye hejuru ko abantu bose batigeze bumva cyangwa babajije koza icupa.

Tugarutse ku nyandiko nyamukuru, dore icyitegererezo cyemewe cyo gusubiza ikibazo cya gatatu:
Ibyiza byalaboratoire:
1. Urwego rwo hejuru rwimikorere yuzuye.Bifata gusa intambwe ebyiri zo koza icupa ryamacupa nisahani: Shyira amacupa hamwe namasahani-kanda rimwe kugirango utangire gahunda yisuku (kandi ikubiyemo gahunda 35 zisanzwe hamwe na progaramu zisanzwe zikosorwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya ba laboratoire).Automation irekura amaboko yabashakashatsi.
2. Gukora neza cyane (ibikoresho byogukoresha ibirahuriakazi k'icyiciro, uburyo bwo gukora isuku inshuro nyinshi), igipimo cyo kumena amacupa make (guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'umuvuduko w'amazi atemba, ubushyuhe bwimbere, nibindi), ibintu byinshi (byakira ubunini nuburyo butandukanye bwigeragezwa ryibizamini, ibyokurya bya Petri, flasque ya volumetric, flasque conical, silinderi yarangije, nibindi)
3. Umutekano mwinshi kandi wizewe, wabanje gushyirwaho ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byinjira mu muyoboro w’amazi, umuvuduko hamwe n’ubushyuhe, ntabwo byoroshye gupima, hamwe na valve ikurikirana anti-leakage, igikoresho kizahita gifunga mugihe valve ya solenoid yananiwe.
4. Urwego rwo hejuru rwubwenge.Amakuru yingenzi nkumuyoboro, TOC, kwibanda kumavuta, nibindi birashobora gutangwa mugihe nyacyo, bikaba byoroheye abakozi bireba gukurikirana no kumenya iterambere ryogusukura no guhuza sisitemu yo gucapa no kuzigama, itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukurikiranwa nyuma.