Ikibazo cya mbere: Ni igihe kingana iki gikenewe kugira ngo woze amacupa mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bw'umunsi umwe?

Inshuti ya 1: Nakoze isesengura ry’ibinyabutabire bishyushye cyane mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe n’igice, kandi bifata isaha imwe kumesa amacupa buri munsi, ari nabyo bigira 5-10% by’igihe cy’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Nanone nshobora gufatwa nk'umukozi w’umuhanga mu koza amacupa.
Ku bijyanye no koza amacupa, naganiriye by'umwihariko n'abandi bantu, ahanini amacupa afite iminwa ine aragoye kuyasukura, amacupa akoresha icyuma cyo gusigamo amazi yoroshye kuyasukura.

Inshuti ya 2:
Ikigega kimwe cya 5ml (ibishushanyo mbonera) ni cyo gikenewe kozwa, ariko kigomba kozwa n'amazi yakuwemo ioni - 25% aside nitrike - 50% aside hydrochloric-deionized amazi ari munsi ya 130°C. Buri kozwa bifata iminsi 5, buri munsi Koza ibice 200-500.

Inshuti ya 3:
Inkono ebyiri nini z'amasahani ya petri, amacupa y'inyabutatu, n'ibindi bikoresho by'ibirahuri, ushobora kumesa hafi 70-100 ku munsi. Muri rusange, imashini zikora amazi meza cyane zikoreshwa mu gukora no gusukura amazi, bityo ingano yo gusukura ntabwo ari nini cyane.

Inshuti ya 4:
Vuba aha, maze igihe nkora akazi gatandukanye muri laboratwari. Kubera ko ari organic synthesis kandi ibisabwa bikaba bikomeye, nkoresha ibikoresho byinshi by'ibirahuri. Muri rusange, bifata nibura isaha imwe kugira ngo umese, ibyo bikaba birambabaza cyane.

Dore ibice by'ibi bisubizo by'inshuti enye gusa, byose bigaragaza ingingo zikurikira zisanzwe: 1. Gusukura n'intoki 2. Ingano nini 3. Bitwara umwanya, bihura n'umubare munini w'isukura amacupa n'amasahani ritwara umwanya, buri wese afite Ubyumva ute?

Ikibazo cya 2: Ubona ute iyo umara igihe kirekire woza amacupa n'amasahani?

Inshuti A:

Namaze muri laboratwari kuva mu gitondo kugeza nijoro umunsi wose. Mu by'ukuri ishobora kubarwa nka 007, nsuka amacupa n'amacupa, amacupa adashobora kumesa.
Abanyeshuri bake bashya muri laboratwari bavuga ko igihe cyose agakoresho k'isuzuma k'icupa kakozweho n'intoki kagomba kozwa… Ifu yo kumesa ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound mu gihe cy'amasaha abiri, amazi yo mu ijosi mu gihe cy'amasaha abiri, n'amazi meza mu gihe cy'andi masaha abiri. Iyo agakoresho k'isuzuma kamaze kozwa, uduce dutatu tw'isuzuma tuzamenwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound. Igice kimwe (hariho agasanduku k'imyanda iruhande rwacyo k'ibirahure byamenetse, byuzuye mu cyumweru kimwe)…Nigeze kureba umunyeshuri wa mbere yoza amacupa arenga 50 kuva mu gitondo kugeza nimugoroba.

Inshuti B:
Numva ko gukaraba amacupa bishobora gutuma abantu bihangana, ariko ibyo bipimo binyura mu ngingo kandi bifata igihe kinini, kandi bifata igihe cyo gukaraba amacupa, kandi umwanda na wo ugira ingaruka ku igerageza. Iyo ubikoresheje byose icyarimwe, numva ko ushobora kuzigama igihe kinini cyo gukora izindi ntambwe, kandi bishobora gufatwa nk'inyongera nto mu muvuduko no mu mikorere myiza y'igerageza ryose.

Nyuma yo kumva ibisubizo by'ukuri by'izi nshuti ebyiri, nakomeje kumva ndushye no koza amacupa y'ibirahuri. Ese nawe ubyumva kimwe? None se kuki utahitamo gukoresha imashini imesa amacupa yikora ubwayo?

Ikibazo cya gatatu: Utekereza iki ku isuku y'intoki ugereranije n'imashini imesa amacupa?

Inshuti ya 1:
Ku giti cyanjye, buri laboratwari ikora ubutabire bw'amazi igomba kuba ifite imashini imesa amacupa, nk'uko buri rugo rugomba kuba rufite imashini imesa n'icyuma gikaraba amasahani. Ni ngombwa kuzigama umwanya w'abanyeshuri no gukora ibintu bifite akamaro, birimo gusoma ibitabo, gusesengura amakuru, gutekereza, gushora imari no gucunga amafaranga, gukundana, kujya gukina, kwimenyereza umwuga, n'ibindi.
Numvise ko igerageza ryinshi mu binyabuzima rishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwikora hakoreshejwe ibikoresho, ariko hari amatsinda y’ubushakashatsi afatira ku giciro gito cy’abanyeshuri barangije kaminuza maze akareka abanyeshuri barangije kaminuza bakabikora n’intoki. Imyitwarire nk’iyo irakabije.
Muri make, ndashyigikira ko imirimo yose isubirwamo ishobora gukorwa n'imashini mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi ikwiye gukorwa n'imashini, kandi abanyeshuri bakemererwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi aho kuba abakozi bahendutse.

Inshuti ya 2:
Ingaruka zo koza ibikoresho bifite ishusho yihariye nka NMR tubes/Shrek cups/small treat cups/sand core funnels zigira izihe? Ese imiyoboro yo gupima igomba gushyirwamo imwe imwe cyangwa ishobora gushyirwamo (nk'uko bigenda muri rusange mu gucukura alkaline tank)?
(Ntukagure umutwe munini ngo uwujugunye ku bakozi…

Inshuti ya 3:
Imashini imesa amacupa ikeneye amafaranga yo kuyigura, abanyeshuri ntibakeneye amafaranga yo kuyigura [ipfuka isura]
Ibisubizo by'inshuti eshatu byatoranijwe haruguru. Hari abantu bashyigikiye cyane ko imashini zikoreshwa mu gukaraba amacupa zisimburwa n'imashini zikoreshwa mu macupa, hari n'abashidikanya ku bushobozi bwo gusukura imashini zikoreshwa mu gukaraba amacupa, ndetse n'abatazi byinshi ku mashini zikoreshwa mu gukaraba amacupa. Bigaragara ko abantu bose batarasobanukirwa cyangwa ngo bibaze icyo gikoresho gikoreshwa mu gukaraba amacupa.

Dusubiye ku nyandiko nyamukuru, dore icyitegererezo cyemewe cyo gusubiza ikibazo cya gatatu:
Ibyiza byaimashini yoza ibikoresho by'ikirahure muri laboratwari:
1. Urwego rwo hejuru rw’ikoranabuhanga ryikora ku buryo bwuzuye. Bifata intambwe ebyiri gusa kugira ngo woze amacupa n’amasahani: Shyira amacupa n’amasahani mu kanda rimwe kugira ngo utangire gahunda yo gusukura (kandi irimo porogaramu 35 zisanzwe na porogaramu zihariye zishobora guhindurwa n’intoki kugira ngo zihuze n’ibyo abakiriya benshi bo muri laboratwari bakeneye). Ikoranabuhanga ribohora amaboko y’abagerageza.
2. Isuku ikora neza cyane (imashini imesa ibikoresho by'ikirahure yikoraimirimo yo mu itsinda, gusukura inshuro nyinshi), umuvuduko muto wo gusenya amacupa (guhindura umuvuduko w'amazi, ubushyuhe bw'imbere, nibindi), uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye (bijyanye n'ingano n'imiterere y'imiyoboro yo gupima, amasahani ya Petri, amacupa y'ingano, amacupa y'inyuma, silindiri zarangije, nibindi)
3. Umutekano mwinshi n'ubwirinzi, umuyoboro w'amazi winjiriramo udashobora guturika washyizweho mbere, umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe birwanya, ntabwo byoroshye kubipima, hamwe na valve igenzura irinda gusohoka, igikoresho kizahita gifunga iyo valve ya solenoid inaniwe.
4. Ubwenge bwo hejuru. Amakuru y'ingenzi nka conductivity, TOC, ubwinshi bw'amavuta yo koza, n'ibindi ashobora gutangwa mu gihe nyacyo, ibyo bikaba byorohereza abakozi babishinzwe gukurikirana no kumenya neza aho isuku igeze no guhuza sisitemu kugira ngo icapwe kandi ibikwe, ibyo bikaba byorohereza gukurikirana nyuma.