♦Isuzuma ry'urubanza:

Vuba aha, inkuru ikomeye cyane ivuga ku “Ikirego cy’abakoresha amacupa gihenze cyane” yakuruye ibitekerezo by’abaturage benshi. Inkuru ni iyi ikurikira:

Madamu Zhou, umugore, afite imyaka irenga 40. Yahawe akazi muri Gicurasi mu gihe kitarenze amezi make muri laboratwari y’ikigo gipima gikorera mu majyaruguru y’Ubushinwa. Madamu Zhou ashinzwe gusukura ibikoresho by’ibirahuri nk’umuyoboro w’igerageza, pipette, beaker n’igikombe cyo gupima muri laboratwari. Mu gikorwa cyo gukaraba, bitewe n’ibisigazwa bya shimi byangiritse mu bikoresho by’ibirahuri, mu maso he, mu maboko ye n’ibindi bice by’umubiri bye byarakomeretse bikomeye. Uru rubanza rwemejwe n’inzego zibishinzwe.

Madamu Zhou yabwiye itangazamakuru ko uburyo bwo gucunga imbere muri laboratwari nshya yashinzwe butari bwiza, kandi ko atarahabwa amahugurwa ahagije mbere yo gutangira akazi. Cyane cyane mu kuvura ibisigazwa by’ibinyabutabire nyuma y’igerageza, ntibamenyeshejwe ingano y’ibyangiza, ibikoresho byo kwirinda n’uburyo bwo kwirinda.

Byongeye kandi, akazi ko gusukura ibikoresho muri iyi laboratwari kararemereye cyane mu minsi y'icyumweru, mu gihe isuku y'ibirahuri muri laboratwari iba iri hejuru cyane. Ariko, ingaruka zo gukaraba n'intoki akenshi ntizihura n'amahame ya laboratwari, bityo ngomba gukora amasaha y'ikirenga kugira ngo nkore akazi gashya. Iki kibazo kizaba ikirego cyihariye ku ishami ry'umurimo ryo mu gace utuyemo.

Madamu Zhou, binyuze mu isuzuma ry’imvune zakozwe mu nganda, yatakaje ubushobozi bwo gukora igice cy’akazi. Dukurikije ibi, ndasaba laboratwari kwishyura amafaranga y’ubuvuzi, amafaranga y’akazi yatakaje, amafaranga y’ubwikorezi, n’ibindi, amafaranga yose hamwe arenga miliyoni imwe y’amayuan. Ikurikirana ry’urubanza riracyari gutera imbere.

Mu by’ukuri, hari ibintu byinshi bihumanya ikirere muri laboratwari bishobora kwangiza umubiri w’umuntu mu buryo butandukanye. Iyo laboratwari idafashe ingamba zihagije ku bakozi kandi ikirengagiza gusukura ibikoresho bya laboratwari, bishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye nko kwangiza imikorere y’umubiri, ubumuga na kanseri ku bakozi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa ko tugira ubumenyi bw’ibanze ku bintu bihumanya ikirere abakozi ba laboratwari bakunze guhura nabyo.

♦Ibintu bihumanya bikunze kugaragara muri laboratwari

Aside hydrochloric. Ni amazi adafite ibara kandi abonerana. Impumuro yayo irakomeye kandi irakaze. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangiza cyane. Kandi aside hydrochloric nyinshi (aside hydrochloric ishyuha) ishobora kwangiza aside. Ishobora kwangiza imyanya y'ubuhumekero, amaso, uruhu n'inzira y'igifu mu buryo budasubirwaho. Bishobora kuvugwa ko ku ngingo z'umuntu, ariko kandi ikarinda kwangirika kwa aside hydrochloric mu buryo bwa aside. Byongeye kandi, iyo aside hydrochloric ivanze na oxydants (nk'ibinure bya sodium hypochlorite cyangwa potasiyumu permanganate), imyuka ya chlorine irimo uburozi irakorwa.

Formaldehyde. Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, nkunda kumva inkuru ivuga ku "uburozi bwa formaldehyde" bwo mu nzu. Mu mushinga wo gupima o-phenylphenol, formaldehyde yakoreshejwe nk'ibikomoka ku bimera; ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikigero cyo kugenda mu gupima isano iri hagati y'amazi n'ibimera. Byongeye kandi, ikunze gukoreshwa mu gusukura amasoko ya iyoni hakoreshejwe spectrometry y'ubunini. Iyi ngirabuzimafatizo igira ingaruka ku mitsi yo hagati. Igira ingaruka yihariye ku mitsi y'amaso na retina kandi igatera impinduka mu mikorere y'umubiri. Ishobora gutera aside metabolic.

Chloroform (chloroform). Ikunze gukurura amaso, inzira z'ubuhumekero, uruhu n'ururenda rw'umubiri w'umuntu. Nk'umuti utera kanseri, chloroform yica umwijima n'impyiko. Ambara uturindantoki n'amadarubindi hanyuma ukorere mu gipfundikizo cy'umuriro.

(4) Anhydride asetiki. Mu gusuzuma pentachlorophenol yo muri laboratwari, anhydride asetiki ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gitera kwangirika k'uruhu, uburozi buke, kandi iherekejwe n'amarira menshi.

(5) Toluene. Muri laboratwari y’ibigo bipima ibiribwa n’imiti, toluene ikoreshwa nk'umuti w’umwimerere mu gupima ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko. Iyo igeze mu mubiri igihe kirekire ishobora gutera indwara ya neurasthenia, hepatomegaly, uruhu rwumye, rwacitse, dermatitis, nibindi. Imyuka myinshi igira ingaruka ku mitsi yo mu mutwe, kandi iyo ihumeka umwuka mwinshi igihe kirekire ishobora gutera kubura amaraso cyane, bigatera indwara z’amaraso.

（6) Aside formike: ihumanya cyane kandi yangiza cyane ingingo z'imitsi, inzira yo hejuru y'ubuhumekero, amaso n'uruhu. Guhumeka, kubyinjiramo no kubikuramo bishobora kwangiza uruhu.

Byongeye kandi, ibintu nka aside benzoic na phenylethanol nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mubiri. Iyo umubiri w'umuntu uhumeka, urimo kurya, uruhu rushobora kwangiza ibice by'umubiri w'umuntu.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, imiti ihumanya yo muri laboratwari si yo yonyine yavuzwe haruguru, bityo kuyibika no kuyikoresha bigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza abigenga. By’umwihariko, abakozi bose ba laboratwari, harimo n’abakora isuku, bagomba kumenya kwirinda no kurinda abandi, no gushyira mu bikorwa akazi k’ibanze ko kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda nk’uturindantoki n’amadarubindi.

Birumvikana ko muri uru rubanza bitagoye kubona ko gusukura intoki ku bikoresho by’igerageza, cyane cyane ibikoresho by’ikirahure birimo uburozi, bitazabangamira gusa umutekano w’abakozi babishinzwe, ahubwo bizanatuma ikiguzi cya laboratwari kiyongera, bigateza impaka zijyanye n’ibyo, ndetse bikangiza izina n’isura ya laboratwari. Ikirenzeho, ukuri kw’ibisubizo by’ibizamini ntibizemezwa niba ibikoresho by’ikirahure bitujuje ibisabwa mu isuku. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma imashini zikoresha imashini zitunganya irabu n’izindi mashini zikoreshwa mu buryo bwikora zirushaho gukundwa muri laboratwari z’ubwoko bwose.

♦Igitabo cgushingira VSAkamashini koza ibikoresho by'ikirahure muri laboratwari

Imiterere y'isuku yakozwe n'intoki:

Ikiguzi cy'amazi, amashanyarazi n'abakozi cyariyongereye;

Ibintu byinshi bibuza kandi bidashobora kugenzurwa;

Igira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe bw'umuntu;

Hangzhou XPZ yoza ibikoresho by'ibirahuri:

Isuku irahamye;

Isuku isanzwe y’ubwenge, yoroshye kuyikoresha;

Uburyo bwose bwo gukurikirana amakuru;

Kuzigama neza umutungo wa laboratwari;

Gusukura ni intambwe y'ingenzi yo kuvura ibisigazwa by'uburozi bisigaye. Ikigo cyo koza amasahani muri laboratwari ntikishobora gusa kurinda umutekano n'ubuzima bw'abakozi bagerageza ku rugero runini, ahubwo kinashobora no kugera ku ntego yo gusukura neza. Kugira ngo laboratwari igire akamaro mu gihe kirekire, hagomba gukorwa hakiri kare kugira ngo haboneke imashini yo koza amasahani yikora ubwayo!